Table of Contents

• Duas for the Deceased (Male/Female)
• Offering condolences (Taziyah)
• Duas of condolences
• Useful Supplications from the Sunnah
• What to say during Salat al-Janazah
• What to say when entering graveyards
• What to say while throwing dirt
• What you can do for a deceased loved one
• General benefit for the deceased
• Gifting deeds for the deceased

Duas for the Deceased (Male/Female)

One of the best actions Muslims can do for the deceased is for them to make dua for their forgiveness and salvation. Make the following duas in Arabic, English or any other language you're comfortable with through which you can connect with the words in meaning and depth.

For details on navigating loss of a loved one in your life, please read this article: We Belong to Allah or watch this video: We Belong to Allah: Navigating Loss and Sustaining Connection

• اللَّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لَهُ/لَهَا وَارْحَمْهُ/ارْحَمْهَا، وَعَافِهِ/عَافِهَا وَاعْفُ عَنْهُ/عَنْهَا، وَأَكْرِمْ نُزُلَهُ/نُزُلَهَا، وَوَسِّعْ مَدْخَلَهُ/مَدْخَلَهَا، وَاغْسِلْهُ/اغْسِلْهَا بِالْمَاءِ وَالثَّلْجِ وَالْبَرَدِ، وَنَقِّهِ/نَقِّهَا مِنَ الْخَطَايَا كَمَا يُنَقَّى الثَّوْبُ الْأَبْيَضُ مِنَ الدَّنَسِ۔

allāhumma ighfir lahu/lahā wa-irḥamhu/irḥamhā, wa-ʿāfihi/ʿāfihā wa-iʿfu ʿanhu/ʿanhā, wa-akrim nuzulahu/nuzulahā, wa-wassiʿ madkhalahu/madkhalahā, wa-ighsilhu/ighsilhā bi-al-māʾi wa-al-thalji wa-al-baradi, wa-naqqihi/naqqihā mina al-khaṭāyā kamā yunaqqā al-thawbu al-abyaḍu mina al-danas.
O Allah, forgive him/her and have mercy on him/her, grant him/her well-being and pardon him/her. Honor his/her place of stay and widen his/her entrance. Wash him/her with water, snow, and ice, and purify him/her from sins just as a white garment is cleansed from impurity.

• وَأَبْدِلْهُ/أَبْدِلْهَا دَارًا خَيْرًا مِنْ دَارِهِ/دَارِهَا، وَأَهْلًا خَيْرًا مِنْ أَهْلِهِ/أَهْلِهَا، وَزَوْجًا خَيْرًا مِنْ زَوْجِهِ/زَوْجِهَا، وَأَدْخِلْهُ/أَدْخِلْهَا الْجَنَّةَ، وَأَعِذْهُ/أَعِذْهَا مِنْ عَذَابِ الْقَبْرِ، وَمِنْ عَذَابِ النَّارِ۔

wa-abdilhu/abdilhā dāran khayran min dārihi/dārihā, wa-ahlan khayran min ahlihi/ahlihā, wa-zawjan khayran min zawjihi/zawjihā, wa-adkhilhu/adkhilhā al-jannah, wa-aʿidhhu/aʿidhhā min ʿadhābi al-qabr, wa-min ʿadhābi al-nār.
Replace his/her home with a better one, his/her family with a better one, his/her spouse with a better one, and admit him/her to Paradise. Protect him/her from the torment of the grave and the Fire.

• اللَّهُمَّ إِنَّ حَبِيبَنَا/حَبِيبَتَنَا فِي ذِمَّتِكَ، وَحَبْلِ جَوَارِكَ، فَقِهِ/فَقِهَا مِنْ فِتْنَةِ الْقَبْرِ وَعَذَابِ النَّارِ، وَأَنْتَ أَهْلُ الْوَفَاءِ وَالْحَقِّ۔

allāhumma inna ḥabībanā/ḥabībatanā fī dhimmatika, wa-ḥabli jawārika, fa-qihi/fa-qihā min fitnati al-qabri wa-ʿadhābi al-nāri, wa-anta ahlu al-wafāʾi wa-al-ḥaqqi.
O Allah, our beloved one is in Your care and under Your protection. Save him/her from the trial of the grave and the torment of the Fire. You are the embodiment of loyalty and truth. O Allah, forgive him/her and have mercy on him/her; indeed, You are the Most Forgiving, Most Merciful.

• اللَّهُمَّ يَا بَاسِطَ الْيَدَيْنِ بِالْعَطَايَا، يَا قَرِيبُ يَا مُجِيبُ دَعْوَةِ الدَّاعِ إِذَا دَعَاكَ، يَا حَنَّانُ يَا مَنَّانُ يَا رَبُّ يَا أَرْحَمَ الرَّاحِمِينَ، يَا بَدِيعَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ، يَا أَحَدُ يَا صَمَدُ، أَعْطِ الْمُتَوَفَّى/الْمُتَوَفَّاةَ مِنْ خَيْرِ مَا أَعْطَيْتَ بِهِ نَبِيَّكَ مُحَمَّدًا ﷺ۔

allāhumma yā bāsiṭa al-yadayni bi-al-ʿaṭāyā, yā qarību yā mujību daʿwati al-dāʿi idhā daʿāka, yā ḥannānu yā mannānu yā rabbu yā arḥama al-rāḥimīna, yā badīʿa al-samāwāti wa-al-arḍi, yā aḥadu yā ṣamadu, aʿṭi al-mutawaffā/al-mutawaffāh min khayri mā aʿṭayta bihi nabiyyaka Muḥammadan ﷺ.
O Allah, the Bestower of bounties, the One with outstretched hands in giving, the Close, the Responsive to the supplication when invoked. O Compassionate, O Bestower, O Lord, O Most Merciful of the merciful, O Originator of the heavens and the earth, O Unique, O Eternal, grant the deceased man/woman the best of what You have given to Your Prophet Muhammad ﷺ.

• اللَّهُمَّ إِنَّهُ/إِنَّهَا عَبْدُكَ/أَمَتُكَ وَابْنُ/بِنْتُ عَبْدِكَ، وَابْنُ/بِنْتُ أَمَتِكَ، كَانَ/كَانَتْ يَشْهَدُ/تَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ وَحْدَكَ لَا شَرِيكَ لَكَ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُكَ وَرَسُولُكَ، وَأَنْتَ أَعْلَمُ بِهِ/بِهَا، إِنْ كَانَ/كَانَتْ مُحْسِنًا/مُحْسِنَةً فَزِدْ فِي إِحْسَانِهِ/إِحْسَانِهَا، وَإِنْ كَانَ/كَانَتْ مُسِيئًا/مُسِيئَةً فَتَجَاوَزْ عَنْ سَيِّئَاتِهِ/سَيِّئَاتِهَا، اللَّهُمَّ لَا تَحْرِمْنَا أَجْرَهُ/أَجْرَهَا وَلَا تُفْتِنَا بَعْدَهُ/بَعْدَهَا۔

allāhumma innahu/innahā ʿabduka/amatuka wa-ibnu/bintu ʿabdika, wa-ibnu/bintu amatika, kāna/kānat yashhadu/tashhadu an lā ilāha illā anta waḥdaka lā sharīka laka wa-anna Muḥammadan ʿabduka wa-rasūluka, wa-anta aʿlamu bihi/bihā. in kāna/kānat muḥsinan/muḥsinatan fa-zid fī iḥsānihi/iḥsānihā, wa-in kāna/kānat musīʾan/musīʾatan fa-tajāwaz ʿan sayyiʾātihi/sayyiʾātihā. allāhumma lā taḥrimnā ajrahu/ajrahā wa-lā tuftinnā baʿdahu/baʿdahā.
O Allah, he/she is Your servant, the son/daughter of Your servant, the son/daughter of Your maidservant. He/She bore witness that there is no god but You alone, with no partner, and that Muhammad is Your servant and messenger. You are the most knowledgeable about him/her. If he/she did good, increase him/her in goodness, and if he/she did wrong, forgive his/her sins. O Allah, do not deprive us of his/her reward, and do not put us to trial after him/her.

• اللَّهُمَّ ثَبِّتْهُ/ثَبِّتْهَا بِالْقَوْلِ الثَّابِتِ، وَارْفَعْ دَرَجَتَهُ/دَرَجَتَهَا، وَاغْفِرْ خَطِيئَتَهُ/خَطِيئَتَهَا، وَثَقِّلْ مَوَازِينَهُ/مَوَازِينَهَا۔

allāhumma thabbit-hu/thabbit-hā bi-al-qawli al-thābiti, wa-irfaʿ darajatahu/darajatahā, wa-ighfir khaṭīʾatahu/khaṭīʾatahā, wa-thaqqil mawāzīnahu/mawāzīnahā.
O Allah, make him/her steadfast with a firm statement, raise his/her rank, forgive his/her sins, and make his/her scales heavy.

• اللَّهُمَّ احْمِهِ/احْمِهَا تَحْتَ الْأَرْضِ، وَاسْتُرْهُ/اسْتُرْهَا يَوْمَ الْعَرْضِ، وَلَا تُخْزِهِ/تُخْزِهَا يَوْمَ يُبْعَثُونَ، يَوْمَ لَا يَنْفَعُ مَالٌ وَلَا بَنُونَ إِلَّا مَنْ أَتَى اللَّهَ بِقَلْبٍ سَلِيمٍ۔

allāhumma iḥmihi/iḥmihā taḥta al-arḍi, wa-usturhu/usturhā yawma al-ʿarḍi, wa-lā tukhzihi/tukhzihā yawma yubʿathūna, yawma lā yanfaʿu mālun wa-lā banūna illā man atā Allāha bi-qalbin salīmin.
O Allah, protect him/her under the earth, cover him/her on the Day of Attendance, and do not disgrace him/her on the Day they are resurrected, a day when neither wealth nor sons will avail, except one who comes to Allah with a sound heart.

• اللَّهُمَّ امْلَأْ قَبْرَهُ/قَبْرَهَا بِالرِّضَى وَالنُّورِ، وَالْفَسْحَةِ وَالسُّرُورِ۔

allāhumma imlaʾ qabrahu/qabrahā bi-al-riḍā wa-al-nūri wa-al-fasḥati wa-al-surūri.
O Allah, fill his/her grave with contentment, light, spaciousness, and joy.

• اللَّهُمَّ اجْعَلْهُ/اجْعَلْهَا فِي بَطْنِ الْقَبْرِ مُطْمَئِنًا/مُطْمَئِنَّةً وَعِنْدَ قِيَامِ الْأَشْهَادِ أَمِنًا/آمِنَةً وَبِجُودِ رِضْوَانِكَ وَاثِقًا/وَاثِقَةً وَإِلَى أَعْلَى دَرَجَاتِكَ سَابِقًا/سَابِقَةً۔

allāhumma ijʿalhu/ijʿalhā fī baṭni al-qabri muṭmaʾinnan/muṭmaʾinnatan wa-ʿinda qiyāmi al-ashhādi āminan/āminatan wa-bi-jūdi riḍwānika wāthiqan/wāthiqatan wa-ilā aʿlā darajātika sābiqan/sābiqatan.
O Allah, make him/her rest peacefully within the grave, secure at the time of witnessing, trusting in the abundance of Your pleasure, and elevated to the highest ranks.

• اللَّهُمَّ اجْعَلْهُ/اجْعَلْهَا فِي بَطْنِ الْقَبْرِ مُطْمَئِنًا/مُطْمَئِنَّةً وَعِنْدَ قِيَامِ الْأَشْهَادِ أَمِنًا/آمِنَةً وَبِجُودِ رِضْوَانِكَ وَاثِقًا/وَاثِقَةً وَإِلَى أَعْلَى دَرَجَاتِكَ سَابِقًا/سَابِقَةً۔

allāhumma ijʿalhu/ijʿalhā fī baṭni al-qabri muṭmaʾinnan/muṭmaʾinnatan wa-ʿinda qiyāmi al-ashhādi āminan/āminatan wa-bi-jūdi riḍwānika wāthiqan/wāthiqatan wa-ilā aʿlā darajātika sābiqan/sābiqatan.
O Allah, place him/her in the depth of the grave in tranquility and security when the witnesses stand, in confidence, with the abundance of Your contentment, and raise him/her to the highest ranks.

• اللَّهُمَّ اجْعَلْ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ/يَمِينِهَا نُورًا حَتَّى تُبْعِثَهُ/تُبْعِثَهَا آمِنًا/آمِنَةً مُطْمَئِنًا/مُطْمَئِنَّةً فِي نُورٍ مِنْ نُورِكَ۔

allāhumma ijʿal ʿan yamīnihi/yamīnihā nūran ḥattā tubʿithahu/tubʿithahā āminan/āminatan muṭmaʾinnan/muṭmaʾinnatan fī nūrin min nūrika.
O Allah, place light on his/her right until You resurrect him/her safely and peacefully in a light from Your light.

• اللَّهُمَّ ارْحَمْهُ/ارْحَمْهَا وَاغْفِرْ لَهُ/لَهَا وَآنِسْ وَحْشَتَهُ/وَحْشَتَهَا وَوَسِّعْ قَبْرَهُ/قَبْرَهَا۔

allāhumma irḥamhu/irḥamhā wa-ighfir lahu/lahā wa-ānis waḥshatahu/waḥshatahā wa-wassiʿ qabrahu/qabrahā.
O Allah, have mercy on him/her, forgive him/her, console his/her loneliness, and widen his/her grave.

• اللَّهُمَّ اجْعَلْ قَبْرَهُ/قَبْرَهَا رَوْضَةً مِنْ رِيَاضِ الْجَنَّةِ، وَلَا تَجْعَلْهُ/تَجْعَلْهَا حُفْرَةً مِنْ حُفَرِ النَّارِ۔

allāhumma ijʿal qabrahu/qabrahā rawḍatan min riyāḍi al-jannah, wa-lā tajʿalhu/tajʿalhā ḥufratan min ḥufari al-nār.
O Allah, make his/her grave a garden from the gardens of Paradise, and do not make it a pit from the pits of Hell.

• اللَّهُمَّ بَيِّضْ وَجْهَهُ/وَجْهَهَا يَوْمَ تَبْيَضُ وُجُوهٌ وَتَسْوَدُّ وُجُوهٌ، اللَّهُمَّ يَمِّنْ كِتَابَهُ/كِتَابَهَا۔

allāhumma bayyiḍ wajhahu/wajhahā yawma tabyaḍḍu wujūhun wa-taswaddu wujūhun. allāhumma yammin kitābahu/kitābahā.
O Allah, brighten his/her face on the day when faces will turn bright and other faces will be darkened. O Allah, place his/her book in the right hand.

• اللَّهُمَّ أَظِلَّهُ/أَظِلَّهَا تَحْتَ عَرْشِكَ يَوْمَ لَا ظِلَّ إِلَّا ظِلُّكَ وَلَا بَاقِي إِلَّا وَجْهُكَ۔

allāhumma aẓillahu/aẓillahā taḥta ʿarshika, yawma lā ẓilla illā ẓilluka, wa-lā bāqiya illā wajhuka.
O Allah, shade him/her under Your Throne on the day when there is no shade but Your shade, and nothing remains except for Your Essence.

• اللَّهُمَّ اجْعَلْ نَبِيِّنَا وَحَبِيبِنَا مُحَمَّدًا ﷺ يَشْفَعُ لَهُ/لَهَا عِنْدَكَ، وَأَدْخِلْهُ/أَدْخِلْهَا الْجَنَّةَ بِجُودِكَ وَإِحْسَانِكَ يَا كَرِيمُ۔

allāhumma ijʿal nabiyyinā wa-ḥabībanā Muḥammadan ﷺ yashfaʿu lahu/lahā ʿindaka, wa-adkhilhu/adkhilhā al-jannata bi-jūdika wa-iḥsānika, yā Karīmu.
O Allah, make our Prophet and beloved Muhammad ﷺ intercede for him/her in Your presence, and admit him/her to Paradise with Your generosity and kindness, O Generous One.

• اللَّهُمَّ اسْقِهِ/اسْقِهَا مِنْ حَوْضِ نَبِيِّكَ مُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ شَرْبَةً هَنِيئَةً مَرِيئَةً لَا يَظْمَأُ/تَظْمَأُ بَعْدَهَا أَبَدًا۔

allāhumma isqihi/isqihā min ḥawḍi nabiyyika Muḥammadin ﷺ sharbatan hanīʾatan marīʾatan lā yaẓmaʾu/taẓmaʾu baʿdahā abadan.
O Allah, let him/her drink from the Basin of Your Prophet Muhammad ﷺ a refreshing and satisfying drink, after which he/she will never be thirsty.

• اللَّهُمَّ انْظُرْ إِلَيْهِ/إِلَيْهَا نَظَرَةَ رِضًا فَإِنَّ مَنْ تَنْظُرُ إِلَيْهِ/إِلَيْهَا نَظَرَةَ رِضًا لَا تُعَذِّبُهُ/تُعَذِّبُهَا أَبَدًا۔

allāhumma unẓur ilayhi/ilayhā naẓrata riḍan, fa-inna man tanẓuru ilayhi/ilayhā naẓrata riḍan lā tuʿadhdhibuhu/tuʿadhdhibuhā abadan.
O Allah, look at him/her with a gaze of approval, for whoever You look upon with approval will never be punished.

• اللَّهُمَّ اكْتُبْهُ/اكْتُبْهَا عِنْدَكَ مِنَ الصَّالِحِينَ/الصَّالِحَاتِ وَالصِّدِّيقِينَ/الصِّدِّيقَاتِ وَالشُّهَدَاءِ/الشَّهِيدَاتِ وَالْأَخْيَارِ/الْخَيِّرَاتِ وَالْأَبْرَارِ/الْبَارَّاتِ۔

allāhumma uktubhu/uktubhā ʿindaka mina al-ṣāliḥīna/al-ṣāliḥāti wa-al-ṣiddīqīna/al-ṣiddīqāti wa-al-shuhadāʾi/al-shahīdāti wa-al-akhyāri/al-khayyirāti wa-al-abrāri/al-bārrāti.
O Allah, record him/her among the righteous, the truthful, the martyrs, the virtuous, and the pious in Your sight.

• اللَّهُمَّ أَسْكِنْهُ/أَسْكِنْهَا فِي سَبِيلِ الْجَنَّةِ وَاغْفِرْ لَهُ/لَهَا يَا رَحْمَنُ وَارْحَمْهُ/ارْحَمْهَا يَا رَحِيمُ وَتَجَاوَزْ عَمَّا تَعْلَمُ يَا عَلِيمُ۔

allāhumma askinhu/askinhā fī sabīli al-jannah, wa-ighfir lahu/lahā yā Raḥmānu, wa-irḥamhu/irḥamhā yā Raḥīmu, wa-tajāwaz ʿammā taʿlamu yā ʿAlīmu.
O Allah, make him/her reside in the path of Paradise, forgive him/her, O Most Merciful, have mercy on him/her, O Most Compassionate, and overlook what You know, O All-Knowing.

• رَّبِّ اغْفِرْ وَارْحَمْ وَأَنتَ خَيْرُ الرَّاحِمِينَ۔

rabbi ighfir wa-irḥam wa-anta khayru al-rāḥimīn.
Lord, forgive and have mercy, for You are the best of the merciful.

• اللَّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمُؤْمِنَاتِ، وَالْمُسْلِمِينَ وَالْمُسْلِمَاتِ، وَأَلِفْ بَيْنَ قُلُوبِهِمْ، وَاجْعَلْ قُلُوبَهُمْ عَلَى قُلُوبِ خِيَارِهِمْ۔

allāhumma ighfir li-al-muʾminīna wa-al-muʾmināti, wa-al-muslimīna wa-al-muslimāti, wa-allif bayna qulūbihim, wa-ijʿal qulūbahum ʿalā qulūbi khiyārihim.
O Allah, forgive the believing men and the believing women, the Muslim men and the Muslim women. Bring their hearts together and make their hearts firm upon the hearts of the best among them.

• اللَّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لِحَيِّنَا وَمَيِّتِنَا وَشَاهِدِنَا وَغَائِبِنَا وَصَغِيرِنَا وَكَبِيرِنَا وَذَكَرِنَا وَأُنْثَانَا۔

allāhumma ighfir li-ḥayyinā wa-mayyitinā wa-shāhidinā wa-ghāʾibinā wa-ṣaghīrinā wa-kabīrinā wa-dhakarinā wa-unthānā.
O Allah, forgive our living and our dead, those present and those absent, our young and our old, our males and our females.

• اللَّهُمَّ مَنْ أَحْيَيْتَهُ/أَحْيَيْتِهَا مِنَّا فَأَحْيِهِ/فَأَحْيِهَا عَلَى الْإِسْلَامِ وَمَنْ تَوَفَّيْتَهُ/تَوَفَّيْتِهَا مِنَّا فَتَوَفَّهُ/فَتَوَفَّهَا عَلَى الْإِيمَانِ۔

allāhumma man aḥyaytahu/aḥyaytahā minnā fa-aḥyihi/fa-aḥyihā ʿalā al-islām, wa-man tawaffaytahu/tawaffaytahā minnā fa-tawaffahu/fa-tawaffahā ʿalā al-īmān.
O Allah, whoever among us You keep alive, let him/her live in Islam, and whoever among us You cause to die, let him/her die in faith.

• اللَّهُمَّ لَا تَحْرَمْنَا أَجْرَهُ/أَجْرَهَا وَلَا تُضِلَّنَا بَعْدَهُ/بَعْدَهَا۔

allāhumma lā taḥrimnā ajrahu/ajrahā, wa-lā tuḍillanā baʿdahu/baʿdahā.
O Allah, do not deprive us of his/her reward, and do not lead us astray after him/her.

• وَصَلَّى اللهُ وَسَلَّمَ وَبَارَكَ عَلَى عَبْدِكَ وَرَسُولِكَ نَبِيِّنَا مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَى آلِهِ وَأَصْحَابِهِ أَجْمَعِينَ بِرَحْمَتِكَ يَا أَرْحَمَ الرَّاحِمِينَ۔

wa-ṣallā Allāhu wa-sallama wa-bāraka ʿalā ʿabdika wa-rasūlika nabiyyinā Muḥammadin wa-ʿalā ālihi wa-aṣḥābihi ajmaʿīn, bi-raḥmatika yā arḥama al-rāḥimīn.
May Allah's peace, blessings, and mercy be upon Your servant and Messenger, our Prophet Muhammad, and upon his family and all his companions, O Most Merciful of the merciful.

Offering condolences (Taziyah)

• Visiting the loved ones is from the Sunnah
• Visit length relative to the need
• Express duas and offer help
• Take on responsibilities on behalf of the family

Duas of condolences

• «إِنَّ لِلَّهِ مَا أَخَذَ وَلَهُ مَا أَعْطَى وَكُلٌّ عِنْدَهُ بِأَجَلٍ مُسَمًّى فَلْتَصْبِرْ/فَلْتَصْبِرِي وَلْتَحْتَسِبْ/وَلْتَحْتَسِبِي» (البخاري ١٢٨٤ متفق عليه)

inna li-llāhi mā akhadha, wa-lahu mā aʿṭā, wa-kullun ʿindahu bi-ajalin musammā, fal-taṣbir/fal-taṣbirī wa-l-taḥtasib/wa-l-taḥtasibī.
Whatever Allah takes is for Him and whatever He gives is for Him, and everything with Him has a fixed term. So be patient and seek Allah's reward.

• (أَعْظَمَ اللهُ أَجْرَكَ/أَجْرَكِ، وَأَحْسَنَ عَزَاءَكَ/عَزَاءَكِ، وَغَفَرَ لِمَيِّتِكَ/مَيِّتِكِ)

aʿẓama Allāhu ajraka/ajrakī, wa-aḥsana ʿazāʾaka/ʿazāʾaki, wa-ghafara li-mayyitika/li-mayyitiki.
May Allah magnify your reward, beautify your consolation, and forgive your deceased.

• ﴿وَالْعَصْرِ ۝ إِنَّ الْإِنْسَانَ لَفِي خُسْرٍ ۝ إِلَّا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ وَتَوَاصَوْا بِالْحَقِّ وَتَوَاصَوْا بِالصَّبْرِ ۝﴾ (سُورَةُ العَصْر ١٠٣:١)

wa-al-ʿaṣri, inna al-insāna la-fī khusr, illā alladhīna āmanū wa-ʿamilū al-ṣāliḥāti wa-tawāṣaw bi-al-ḥaqqi wa-tawāṣaw bi-al-ṣabr.
103:1 By time, 2 Indeed, mankind is in loss, 3 Except for those who have believed and done righteous deeds and advised each other to truth and advised each other to patience.

Useful Supplications from the Sunnah

What to say during Salat al-Janazah

• اللَّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لَهُ/لَهَا وَارْحَمْهُ/ارْحَمْهَا وَعَافِهِ/عَافِهَا وَاعْفُ عَنْهُ/عَنْهَا، وَأَكْرِمْ نُزُلَهُ/نُزُلَهَا، وَوَسِّعْ مُدْخَلَهُ/مُدْخَلَهَا، وَاغْسِلْهُ/اغْسِلْهَا بِالْمَاءِ وَالثَّلْجِ وَالْبَرَدِ، وَنَقِّهِ/نَقِّهَا مِنْ الْخَطَايَا كَمَا نَقَّيْتَ الثَّوْبَ الْأَبْيَضَ مِنْ الدَّنَسِ،
  وَأَبْدِلْهُ/أَبْدِلْهَا دَارًا خَيْرًا مِنْ دَارِهِ/دَارِهَا، وَأَهْلًا خَيْرًا مِنْ أَهْلِهِ/أَهْلِهَا، وَزَوْجًا خَيْرًا مِنْ زَوْجِهِ/زَوْجِهَا، وَأَدْخِلْهُ/أَدْخِلْهَا الْجَنَّةَ، وَقِهِ/قِهَا فِتْنَةَ الْقَبْرِ وَعَذَابَ النَّارِ.

allāhumma ighfir lahu/lahā wa-irḥamhu/irḥamhā wa-ʿāfihi/ʿāfihā wa-iʿfu ʿanhu/ʿanhā, wa-akrim nuzulahu/nuzulahā, wa-wassiʿ mudkhalahu/mudkhalahā, wa-ighsilhu/ighsilhā bi-al-māʾi wa-al-thalji wa-al-baradi, wa-naqqihi/naqqihā mina al-khaṭāyā kamā naqqayta al-thawba al-abyaḍa mina al-danasi.
wa-abdilhu/abdilhā dāran khayran min dārihi/dārihā, wa-ahlan khayran min ahlihi/ahlihā, wa-zawjan khayran min zawjihi/zawjihā, wa-adkhilhu/adkhilhā al-jannah, wa-qihi/qihā fitnata al-qabri wa-ʿadhāba al-nār.
O Allah, forgive him/her and have mercy on him/her, grant him/her well-being and pardon him/her. Honor his/her place of stay and widen his/her entrance. Wash him/her with water, snow, and ice, and purify him/her from sins just as You cleansed a white garment from impurity. Replace his/her home with a better one, his/her family with a better one, his/her spouse with a better one, admit him/her to Paradise, and protect him/her from the trial of the grave and the torment of the Fire.

• اللَّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لِحَيِّنَا وَمَيِّتِنَا، وَصَغِيرِنَا وَكَبِيرِنَا، وَذَكَرِنَا وَأُنْثَانَا، وَشَاهِدِنَا وَغَائِبِنَا، اللَّهُمَّ مَنْ أَحْيَيْتَهُ/أَحْيَيْتِهَا مِنَّا، فَأَحْيِهِ/فَأَحْيِهَا عَلَى الْإِيمَانِ، وَمَنْ تَوَفَّيْتَهُ/تَوَفَّيْتِهَا مِنَّا، فَتَوَفَّهُ/فَتَوَفَّهَا عَلَى الْإِسْلَامِ، اللَّهُمَّ لَا تَحْرِمْنَا أَجْرَهُ/أَجْرَهَا، وَلَا تُضِلَّنَا بَعْدَهُ/بَعْدَهَا.

allāhumma ighfir li-ḥayyinā wa-mayyitinā, wa-ṣaghīrinā wa-kabīrinā, wa-dhakarinā wa-unthānā, wa-shāhidinā wa-ghāʾibinā. allāhumma man aḥyaytahu/aḥyaytahā minnā, fa-aḥyihi/fa-aḥyihā ʿalā al-īmān, wa-man tawaffaytahu/tawaffaytahā minnā, fa-tawaffahu/fa-tawaffahā ʿalā al-islām. allāhumma lā taḥrimnā ajrahu/ajrahā, wa-lā tuḍillanā baʿdahu/baʿdahā.
O Allah, forgive our living and our dead, those present and those absent, our young and our old, our males and our females. O Allah, whoever among us You keep alive, let him/her live in faith, and whoever among us You cause to die, let him/her die in Islam. O Allah, do not deprive us of his/her reward, and do not lead us astray after him/her.

What to say when entering graveyards

• السَّلاَمُ عَلَيْكُمْ أَهْلَ الدِّيَارِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَإِنَّا إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ لَلَاحِقُونَ، أَسْأَلُ اللَّهَ لَنَا وَلَكُمُ الْعَافِيَةَ.

al-salāmu ʿalaykum ahla al-diyāri mina al-muʾminīna wa-al-muslimīn, wa-innā in shāʾa Allāhu la-lāḥiqūn. asʾalu Allāha lanā wa-lakumu al-ʿāfiyah.
Peace be upon you, O inhabitants of the dwellings from among the believers and the Muslims. Indeed, we, if Allah wills, will soon be joining you. I ask Allah for well-being for us and for you.

• واَلسَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ يَا أَهْلَ اَلْقُبُورِ، يَغْفِرُ اَللَّهُ لَنَا وَلَكُمْ، أَنْتُمْ سَلَفُنَا وَنَحْنُ بِالْأَثَرِ.

wa-al-salāmu ʿalaykum yā ahla al-qubūri, yaghfiru Allāhu lanā wa-lakum. antum salafunā wa-naḥnu bi-al-athar.
Peace be upon you, O people of the graves. May Allah forgive us and you. You have preceded us, and we are soon following after you.

What to say while throwing dirt

• بِسْمِ اللهِ وَفِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ، وَعَلَى مِلَّةِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ

bi-smi Allāhi wa-fī sabīli Allāhi, wa-ʿalā millati Rasūli Allāhi ﷺ.
In the name of Allah, and for the sake of Allah, and upon the religion of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ.

What you can do for a deceased loved one

General benefit for the deceased

All of the following are recommendation from the Prophet ﷺ:

1. Making a lot of dua.
2. Making istighfar for them.
3. Fulfilling their oaths and promises.
4. Paying off their debts.
5. Following their advice.
6. Giving charity on their behalf from their money.

Gifting deeds for the deceased

All of the following are recommendation from the Prophet ﷺ. These have condition that your niyyah before or after the act is to dedicate the act to the deceased without expecting any reward from Allah:

7. Gifting charity on their behalf from your money.
8. Performing an udhiyah (sacrifice) on their behalf and feeding people.
9. Creating a means of sadaqah jariah from the money.
10. Create a waqf on their behalf like a well.
11. Fasting on their behalf when they had fasts left over.
12. Performing Umrah on their behalf.
13. Performing Hajj on their behalf.